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Titanic Disaster News on Capture
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![militaryhistory:
The Siege of Baghdad, which occurred in 1258, was an invasion, siege and sacking of the city of Baghdad, the capital of the Abbasid Caliphate at the time and the modern-day capital of Iraq, by the Ilkhanate Mongol forces along with other allied troops under Hulagu Khan. The main aim of Hulagu’s expedition into the Middle East was to establish the firm imperial (now Toluid) control over the area and to extend the empire but not directly overthrow the Abbasids who had submitted to them previously.[6] If the Abbasid Caliph only refused to submit and send a contingent, the Khagan ordered his brother, Hulagu, to destroy him.
The invasion left Baghdad in a state of total destruction. Estimates of the number of inhabitants massacred during the invasion range from 100,000 to 1,000,000. The city was sacked and burned. Even the libraries of Baghdad, including the House of Wisdom, were not safe from the attacks of the Ilkhanate forces, who totally destroyed the libraries and used the invaluable books to make a passage across Tigris River[citation needed]. As a result, Baghdad remained depopulated and in ruins for several centuries, and the event is widely regarded as the end of the Islamic Golden Age.
Prior to laying siege to Baghdad, Hulagu Khan easily destroyed the Lurs, Khwarezm-Shahs and Bukhara. In response to the Mongol Invasions, the Assassins Grand Master of Alamut Imam ‘Ala al-Din Muhammad (1221–1255), sent his forces to assassinate Möngke Khan and Kitbuqabut both attempts were unsuccessful. Hulagu Khan and hundreds of thousands of Mongols then began an assault on the mountains nearAlamut after capturing dozens of decoy fortresses the Mongols finally sacked Alamut and executed the last Grand Master Imam Rukn al-Din Khurshah (1255–1256). Hulagu Khan and his forces were left unchallenged and began their assault upon Baghdad.
Mongke Khan had ordered his brother to spare the Caliphate if it submitted to the authority of the Mongol Khanate. Upon nearing Baghdad, Hulagu demanded surrender; the caliph, Al-Musta’sim, refused. By many accounts, Al-Musta’sim had failed to prepare for the onslaught; he neither gathered armies nor strengthened the city’s walls. He was unwilling to surrender the city of Baghdad to the Non-Muslim Barbarians(Mongols) and believed they would slaughter the inhabitants of the city unchallenged if they were allowed to enter, he greatly offended Hulagu Khan by threats he made, and thus assured his destruction.[30]
Hulagu positioned his forces on both banks of the Tigris River, dividing them to form a pincer around the city. The caliph’s army repulsed the first attack of the Mongols going before the main army and attacking from the west, but were defeated in the next battle. Baiju broke some dikes and flooded the ground behind the caliph’s vanguard army, trapping it. Thus were many troops slaughtered or drowned.
The main Mongol army arrived and then laid siege to the city starting January 29, constructing a palisade and ditch, and employing siege engines and catapults. The battle was swift by siege standards: by February 5 the Mongols controlled a stretch of the wall. Al-Musta’sim begged to negotiate, but was refused.
On February 10, Baghdad surrendered. The Mongols swept into the city on February 13 and began a week of massacre and destruction.
[source]](http://24.media.tumblr.com/tumblr_lw2gujs8J71r6l9wjo1_1280.jpg)
The Siege of Baghdad, which occurred in 1258, was an invasion, siege and sacking of the city of Baghdad, the capital of the Abbasid Caliphate at the time and the modern-day capital of Iraq, by the Ilkhanate Mongol forces along with other allied troops under Hulagu Khan. The main aim of Hulagu’s expedition into the Middle East was to establish the firm imperial (now Toluid) control over the area and to extend the empire but not directly overthrow the Abbasids who had submitted to them previously.[6] If the Abbasid Caliph only refused to submit and send a contingent, the Khagan ordered his brother, Hulagu, to destroy him.
The invasion left Baghdad in a state of total destruction. Estimates of the number of inhabitants massacred during the invasion range from 100,000 to 1,000,000. The city was sacked and burned. Even the libraries of Baghdad, including the House of Wisdom, were not safe from the attacks of the Ilkhanate forces, who totally destroyed the libraries and used the invaluable books to make a passage across Tigris River[citation needed]. As a result, Baghdad remained depopulated and in ruins for several centuries, and the event is widely regarded as the end of the Islamic Golden Age.
Prior to laying siege to Baghdad, Hulagu Khan easily destroyed the Lurs, Khwarezm-Shahs and Bukhara. In response to the Mongol Invasions, the Assassins Grand Master of Alamut Imam ‘Ala al-Din Muhammad (1221–1255), sent his forces to assassinate Möngke Khan and Kitbuqabut both attempts were unsuccessful. Hulagu Khan and hundreds of thousands of Mongols then began an assault on the mountains nearAlamut after capturing dozens of decoy fortresses the Mongols finally sacked Alamut and executed the last Grand Master Imam Rukn al-Din Khurshah (1255–1256). Hulagu Khan and his forces were left unchallenged and began their assault upon Baghdad.
Mongke Khan had ordered his brother to spare the Caliphate if it submitted to the authority of the Mongol Khanate. Upon nearing Baghdad, Hulagu demanded surrender; the caliph, Al-Musta’sim, refused. By many accounts, Al-Musta’sim had failed to prepare for the onslaught; he neither gathered armies nor strengthened the city’s walls. He was unwilling to surrender the city of Baghdad to the Non-Muslim Barbarians(Mongols) and believed they would slaughter the inhabitants of the city unchallenged if they were allowed to enter, he greatly offended Hulagu Khan by threats he made, and thus assured his destruction.[30]
Hulagu positioned his forces on both banks of the Tigris River, dividing them to form a pincer around the city. The caliph’s army repulsed the first attack of the Mongols going before the main army and attacking from the west, but were defeated in the next battle. Baiju broke some dikes and flooded the ground behind the caliph’s vanguard army, trapping it. Thus were many troops slaughtered or drowned.
The main Mongol army arrived and then laid siege to the city starting January 29, constructing a palisade and ditch, and employing siege engines and catapults. The battle was swift by siege standards: by February 5 the Mongols controlled a stretch of the wall. Al-Musta’sim begged to negotiate, but was refused.
On February 10, Baghdad surrendered. The Mongols swept into the city on February 13 and began a week of massacre and destruction.
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Alexey Leonov, a Soviet/Russian cosmonaut, conducting the first spacewalk on 18 March 1965.
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A photograph from 1952 that shows the first millisecond of a nuclear explosion.
Woah.
5 months ago / 9,050 notes / / Source:
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cwnl:
Puppis A: Ancient Supernova Revealed
About 3,700 years ago, people on Earth would have seen a brand-new bright star in the sky. As it slowly dimmed out of sight, it was eventually forgotten, until modern astronomers found its remains — called Puppis A . Seen as a red dusty cloud in this image from NASA’s Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, or WISE, Puppis A is the remnant of a supernova explosion.
Image Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/WISE Team
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Affection (by kristen t. cates)
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Middle East Protest Interactive Timeline
Really impressive work here by the Guardian
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life:
Mr. President, meet Justin Bieber.
At the Christmas in Washington concert at the National Building Museum, President Obama shakes hands with the teen idol.
(see more — The Wit & Wisdom of Justin Bieber)
